Prostate Cancer

Note: This information sheet aims to provide a general overview of prostate cancer. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice and treatment options.

What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-sized gland located below the bladder in men. The prostate gland produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate start to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumour.

Risk Factors:

While the exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown, certain factors may increase the risk of developing the disease. These risk factors include:

  • Age: Prostate cancer is more common in men over the age of 50, and the risk increases with age.
  • Family History: Having a close relative with prostate cancer increases your risk.
  • Ethnicity: African-American men are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer.
  • Diet: A diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk.
  • Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of regular physical activity may contribute to the risk.

Signs and Symptoms:

Prostate cancer rarely exhibits any signs or symptoms until the disease is very advanced. However even in the advanced stage the signs and symptoms can be very non-specific. In some cases men with prostate cancer can experience the following. It’s important to note that if you exhibit any of these signs or symptoms it does not necessarily mean you have prostate cancer.

  • A change in urinary function.
  • Blood in the urine or semen.
  • Erectile dysfunction (difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection).
  • Discomfort or pain in the pelvic area, lower back, or hips.

Treatment Options:

The choice of treatment for prostate cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of cancer, the aggressiveness of the tumour, your overall health and your treatment preferences. Treatment options may include:

  • Active Surveillance: In some cases, especially for early-stage and slow-growing tumours, close monitoring without immediate treatment may be recommended.
  • Surgery: Surgical removal of the prostate gland (radical prostatectomy)
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth.
  • Hormone Therapy: This treatment aims to block the effects of hormones on the prostate cancer cells, as some cancers depend on male hormones (testosterone) to grow. It is typically used in conjunction with radiation therapy or for advanced prostate cancer.
  • Chemotherapy: Medications are used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth for advanced prostate cancer

Prevention:

While it is not possible to prevent prostate cancer entirely, adopting a healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk. Here are some tips:

  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  • Stay physically active and exercise regularly.
  • Limit the consumption of red and processed meats.
  • Quit smoking if you are a smoker.
  • Attend regular check-ups and screenings with your GP, especially if you have male relatives who have had prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men, but with early detection and appropriate treatment, the prognosis can be favourable. If you have concerns or experience any symptoms related to prostate health, don’t hesitate to consult Dr Menogue to arrange an appointment. Dr Menogue can guide you through the screening process and discuss the best treatment options for your specific case. Remember, regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle are vital for overall well-being and cancer prevention.