Hydrocoele

What is a Hydrocele?

A hydrocele is a common medical condition that occurs in males when there is an accumulation of fluid in the sac surrounding one or both testicles, known as the scrotum. The scrotum is the loose pouch of skin that holds the testicles. Hydroceles can vary in size, from small and hardly noticeable to large and uncomfortable.

Causes:

The exact cause of hydroceles is not always clear. Some common factors that may contribute to the development of a hydrocele include:

  • Injury or inflammation in the scrotum
  • Infection or sexually transmitted diseases affecting the scrotum
  • Congenital (present at birth) defect, which might lead to the improper absorption of fluid

Types of Hydrocele:

There are two main types of hydroceles:

  • Communicating Hydrocele: In this type, there is a connection between the abdominal cavity and the scrotum, allowing fluid to pass through and accumulate.
  • Non-Communicating Hydrocele: This type occurs when fluid builds up in the scrotum, but there is no connection to the abdominal cavity.

Symptoms:

  • Swelling in the scrotum, which may range from mild to significant.
  • Heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum.
  • In most cases, hydroceles are painless, but large ones might cause discomfort.

Diagnosis:

  • Physical examination: Dr Menogue will examine the scrotum to assess the size and consistency of the swelling.
  • Transillumination: A technique where a light is shined through the scrotum to differentiate a hydrocele from other scrotal masses.
  • Ultrasound: This imaging test may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other potential conditions.

Complications:

Hydroceles are generally not dangerous, and complications are rare. However, a large hydrocele might cause discomfort or affect daily activities. If you notice any sudden increase in the size of the swelling or experience severe pain, seek medical attention promptly as these might be signs of complications.

Treatment:

Treatment for hydroceles depends on the size of the swelling and the presence of any discomfort:

  • Observation: If the hydrocele is small and not causing any issues, we may choose to monitor it regularly without intervention.
  • Aspiration: In some cases, we may use a needle to drain the fluid from the hydrocele. However, this is a temporary solution as the hydrocele may reoccur in more than 50% of cases
  • Surgery: Hydrocelectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the hydrocele. It is typically recommended if the hydrocele is large, causing discomfort, or poses any other concerns. This procedure is performed in a hospital under General Anaesthetic

When to Seek Medical Advice:

If you notice any swelling, discomfort, or changes in your scrotum, it is essential to seek medical advice. Additionally, if you experience sudden and severe pain or a rapid increase in the size of the swelling, seek immediate medical attention.