Bladder Cancer

What is Bladder Cancer?

Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the bladder, which is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen responsible for storing urine. Bladder cancer can develop in different layers of the bladder’s lining and can vary in terms of aggressiveness.

Causes and Risk Factors:

The exact cause of bladder cancer is not always clear, but several factors can increase the risk of developing this condition. These include:

  • Smoking: Smoking tobacco is one of the most significant risk factors for bladder cancer.
  • Age: Bladder cancer risk increases with age, typically affecting people over 55.
  • Occupational Exposure: Certain jobs that involve exposure to chemicals, dyes, and aromatic amines may increase the risk.
  • Gender: Men are more likely to develop bladder cancer than women.
  • Chronic Bladder Inflammation: Chronic bladder infections or inflammation might increase the risk.
  • Previous Cancer Treatment: Previous cancer treatments involving radiation or certain chemotherapy drugs can elevate the risk.
  • Family History: A family history of bladder cancer might increase your risk.
  • Genetics: Some genetic mutations and inherited conditions can predispose individuals to bladder cancer.

Symptoms:

Early-stage bladder cancer might not cause any noticeable symptoms. As the cancer progresses, common symptoms may include:

  • Blood in urine (haematuria)
  • Frequent urination
  • Painful urination
  • Back or pelvic pain
  • Feeling the need to urinate but producing little urine
  • Urinary urgency
  • Weight loss without a clear reason
  • Fatigue

Diagnosis:

If you experience any symptoms that could indicate bladder cancer, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional. Diagnostic procedures may include:

  • Physical Examination: A doctor may perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history.
  • Urine Tests: Urine samples can be tested for blood and abnormal/cancerous cells – known as urine cytology
  • Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds can provide detailed images of the bladder.
  • Cystoscopy: A thin tube with a camera is inserted into the bladder to view the interior.
  • Biopsy: If suspicious tissue is found, a small sample is taken and examined under a microscope.

Treatment:

The treatment approach depends on factors such as the stage of the cancer (how far into the bladder wall it has grown), Grade of cancer (high or low grade) your overall health, and personal preferences. Treatment options may include:

  • Surgery: Removing cancerous tissue from the bladder or, in more advanced cases, removing the entire bladder itself.
  • Intravesical (inside the bladder) treatments: Certain medicines can be flushed into the bladder to kill cancer cells and reduce the risk of cancer recurring
  • Chemotherapy: Drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent their growth.
  • Radiation Therapy: Using targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells.

Prevention:

While bladder cancer may not be entirely preventable, you can reduce your risk by:

  • Quitting Smoking: If you smoke, quitting is the most impactful step you can take.
  • Avoiding Harmful Chemicals: Minimize exposure to chemicals linked to bladder cancer.
  • Staying Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to help dilute urine and reduce contact with potential carcinogens.
  • Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight.

Remember, early detection and timely treatment greatly improve the chances of successful management and recovery from bladder cancer. If you have concerns or notice any symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a medical professional.